Step 1: In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, and salt.
Step 2: In a medium bowl, whisk the buttermilk, egg, melted butter, and vanilla extract until smooth.
Step 3: Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir with a spatula until just combined; do not overmix.
Step 4: Gently fold the grated and diced apples into the pancake batter.
Step 5: Heat a large non-stick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly grease with butter or oil.
Step 6: Scoop 1/4 cup portions of batter onto the griddle for each pancake.
Step 7: Cook until bubbles form on the surface and the edges are set, then flip and cook the other side until golden brown.
Step 8: Serve immediately with your favorite toppings like maple syrup or extra cinnamon sugar.